The verbs

Words stating something about a person or thing are called verbs.

The verbs have been divided into two parts viz. Transitive Verbs and Intransitive Verbs.

Transitive Verbs: The verbs, the action of which is not limited to its subject but reflects to some object, are called ‘Transitive Verbs’. e.g. Mohan kicks the football. In this sentence the action (kicking) of subject (Mohan) reflects to other object (football), hence ‘kick’ is a transitive verb.

Intransitive Verbs: The verbs, the action of which does not pass to any object but limits to the subject only, are called ‘Intransitive Verbs’. e.g. Mohan sleeps. In this sentence the action (sleep) does not reflect to any object, hence ‘sleep’ is intransitive verb.

A number of verbs can be used as both the kinds of verbs (either transitive or intransitive):

Examples:





Verb used as transitive Verb used as intransitive
Fire burnt his finger. Fire burns.
See the fun. A blind person can’t see.
John drinks whisky. I never drink.
Mohan wrote a letter to his brother. Ram writes well.

Voice

Voice shows whether the subject of the verb acts or is acted upon. There are two voices viz. Active Voice and Passive Voice.

Active Voice: A verb is called in ‘Active Voice’ when its subject acts.

e.g. Rama helps Mohan.

Passive Voice: A verb is called in ‘Passive Voice’ when its subject does not act but remain passive and is acted upon.

e.g. Mohan is helped by Rama.

Some more examples:









Active Voice Passive Voice
Suresh loves Sohan. Sohan is loved by Suresh.
The builder is building the house. The house is being built by the builder.
The servant opened the room. The room was opened by the servant.
Some boys were helping the injured man. The injured man was being helped by the boys.
I will finish the work shortly. The work will be finished by me shortly.
Why did write such a letter? Why was such a letter written by you?
The boss told him that. He was told that by the boss. or That was told him by the boss.
I am doing it. It is being done by me.
Shall I do it? Shall it be done by me?

MOOD

he manner of an action is expressed by the ‘Mood’ of verb. There are three moods of verbs viz. Indicative, Subjunctive and Imperative.

Indicative Mood: The ‘Indicative Mood’ simply describes the facts.

Examples:

* Mohan goes school daily.
* He is taught Arithmetic.
* My writing is legible.
* Rama killd Ravana.


Subjunctive Mood: The ‘Subjunctive Mood’ expresses an action under condition.

Examples:

* If the day be fine, I shall call on you.
* If I were you, I should not waste time.
* I shall go, if he come.
* If he fail, I am to help him.

The subjunctive mood also expresses the wish.

Examples:

* God defend the right.
* Long live to you, my friend.
* God save the king.
* I wish that Mohan would help me.

The subjunctive mood also expresses the purpose.

Examples:

* I work hard that I may succeed.
* Take care, that no mistakes be made.

Imperative Mood: ‘Imperative Mood’ expresses a command or advice.

Examples:

* Attend to your duty.
* Forgive me.
* Come here.
* Take care of your money.

Tense

Tense is the form of the verb used to express the time of an action. Mainly there are three tenses viz. Present Tense, Past Tense and Future Tense.

The ‘Present Tense’ is used:-

To express an action that is happening now.

Examples:

I now go to school
I am going to school.
I have purchased this book.
I have been going to school.

To express the universal truths:

Examples:

The sun rises in east.
The Ganges falls into the Bay of Bengal.
Twice two is four.
Mohan sings well.

To express a future action:

Examples:

The office opens on Monday week.
He comes tonight.

To quote from the existing work of authors:

Examples:

Tulsidas says, “Rama was incarnation of Lord Vishnu.”
Shakespeare says, “There is a tide in the affairs of men.”

The ‘Past Tense’ expresses an action finished in a past time.

Examples:

I wrote a letter yesterday.
I was writing a letter yesterday.
I had written a letter yesterday.
I had been writing a letter yesterday.

The ‘Future Tense’ represents an action that is yet to come.

Examples:

I shall go to school.
I shall be going to school.
I shall have gone to school.
I shall have been going to school.

Adjectives and Prepositions

djectives and prepositions. Some adjectives need a preposition before their object. It doesn't seem to be logical - I'm afraid we just need to learn them!

Here are some of the most common ones:

• famous for
  France is famous for its food.
  
• proud of
  He is very proud of his new car.
• interested in
  Julie is very interested in sport.
• pleased with
  John is very pleased with his new suit.
• bad at
  They are very bad at maths.
• good at
  Einstein was very good at physics.
• married to
  My mother has been married to my father for 20 years.
• excited about
  I'm very excited about my holiday.
• different from / to
  Coffee is different from tea.
• afraid of
  I'm afraid of spiders.

The Perfect English Grammar

Welcome to the www.learnenglish09.com blog!

• This blog lets you know whenever I put a new page www.perfect-english-grammar.com.
• It also keeps you up to date with all the new exercises that appear on the website.
• And I'll use it to let you know when I send out my email newsletter (or 'ezine') in case you don't get it by email.